Last commit fixed gl calls inside the .then() but missed the
calls in the body of initGroundSystem itself. Replaced every
gl.X reference with groundGl.X in the new code.
The function used bare 'gl' but it's a module-level closure, so
gl wasn't defined inside the .then() callback. Added groundGl
module variable, set it in initGroundSystem, used it everywhere
in rebuildGroundMosaic instead of bare 'gl'.
Replace static ground.jpg with a dynamic tile-based system that
fetches new tiles from ESRI World Imagery as the camera moves
through the world.
- GROUND_TILE_Z = 11 (~13 km per tile)
- GROUND_MOSAIC_SIZE = 9 (9x9 = 81 tiles, 2304x2304 canvas)
- GROUND_BUFFER_TILES = 2 (refetch when within 2 tiles of edge)
- Passau tile at zoom 11: x=1102, y=710
Shader:
- Two new uniforms: uGroundCenter (mosaic centre in world units),
uGroundSize (mosaic side length = 9)
- gUv = (hitPoint - uGroundCenter) / uGroundSize + 0.5 so the
mosaic centre stays at UV (0.5, 0.5) as the camera drifts
Runtime:
- maybeRefetchGround() called every 1.5s with current camera
position; if camera is in the buffer zone, mosaic centre is
shifted and missing tiles re-fetched in parallel
- Canvas re-uploaded to GPU after each rebuild
Camera can now roam indefinitely — every time we approach the
mosaic edge, a fresh 9x9 of tiles is fetched.
gmask smoothstep end -0.10 -> -0.30: ground only fully fills when
ray Y is below -0.30 (about 17° below horizon). The horizon line
sits higher in the frame, more sky visible above.
Wrapped the multi-line horizon comment into a single quoted
string. Same bug as the earlier fix but in the new ground code.
Going forward I'll make sure all multi-line comments inside
FRAG_SRC are wrapped in quotes.
Instead of mapping rd.x/rd.y to UV directly (which gave a flat
orthographic look), compute where the ray actually intersects
the ground plane and sample the satellite texture at that world
(x,z) coordinate. As the camera drifts forward (uTime), the
ground scrolls, giving the illusion of flight over real terrain.
- tGround = -ro.y / rd.y (with rd.y < 0 guard)
- gUv = (hitPoint.x, hitPoint.z) * 0.04 + 0.5
- Atmospheric perspective: ground fades toward sky with distance
(fog starts at hit-distance 0, full at 30 world units)
- gmask 1.0 only when tGround > 0 (camera above ground AND ray
pointing down), 0 otherwise
loadImageTexture(s.gl, ...) referenced 's' before its 'var s =
canvas.__state' declaration later in the function. Used
canvas.__state.gl directly since __state was just assigned.
When I added the ground-texture code I left the comment as
multiple JS-line-comments ('// Horizon...') between strings.
Those are NOT inside any string, so JS sees:
'// Horizon: ... satellite <- opens string, never closes
// ground texture ... <- JS thinks these are line comments
...
The string stays open until the next ',, then the next string
line parses as a continuation of an unterminated string and the
whole file is rejected. Wrap the comment into one quoted string.
Pulled a 5x4 tile mosaic of the Passau region (zoom 10) from
ESRI's free ArcGIS World Imagery service, stitched + resized to
1024x768 JPEG (277 KB). Added to Dockerfile as ground.jpg.
Shader side:
- New uniform uGround (texture unit 1)
- horizonMask: rd.y in [-0.20, -0.02] -> ground fades in from 0
to 1 as we look further down
- gUv derived from rd.xz so looking forward/down scrolls across
the satellite image (parallax-like feel)
- Distant ground fades toward uBg via a 'fog' factor so the horizon
blends naturally with the sky gradient
Loading is async — clouds render before ground texture arrives.
Falls back to a black sample if ground.jpg fails to load.
- skyDarkness 0.85 -> 0.55 so night sky is deep but not pitch
black, leaving room for stars to show through
- skyMask widened (-0.10 -> -0.20 lower bound, 0.30 -> 0.40 upper)
so stars appear closer to the horizon in the cockpit view
- Star tint multiplier 0.9 -> 1.0 (full bright) for clearer dots
- fbm3: 4 -> 3 octaves
- cloudDensity: 4 layers (base + mid + fine1 + fine2) -> 2 layers
(base + mid at 20%)
Cost per pixel: 16 noise3 -> 6 noise3 per step, ~62% cheaper.
Visual: clouds still have secondary detail but the fine wispy
edges are gone — back to the cleaner silhouette.
'cloud' was referenced outside the for-loop where it was
defined. Use 1.0 - trans (transmittance) as a cloud mask
instead — same information, properly scoped.
clouds3d:
- Star twinkle: 3 Hz ±45% -> 0.5 Hz ±15% (gentle scintillation
instead of static-like flickering)
- Night darkening: applied only to sky pixels via the cloud mask,
not to clouds. The darkening factor jumped 0.45 -> 0.85 so the
night sky really does go black around moonlit clouds. Clouds
keep their uLight-tinted colour so they remain visible.
clouds2d:
- Same darkening approach but via multiplicative factor (no cloud
mask in the 2D shader): col *= 1 - nightFactor * 0.7
- Remove dive component from camY. Was mix(2.0, 1.2, diveT)
(occasional dips into cloud top); now fixed at 2.2, always above
the y=1.5 cloud ceiling. Cloud deck always visible below.
- WEATHER_DENSITY bumped again: sunny 0.55->0.65, cloudy 0.85->0.90,
night 0.65->0.75. Even 'sunny' is now a partly-cloudy sky.
- clouds3d: third fBm detail layer at 3.2x frequency (was 2 layers).
Contributions: base 1.0, mid 0.30, fine 0.12. Combined with the
tighter smoothstep (0.18 -> 0.16) the silhouettes have wispier,
more interesting edges instead of soft blobs.
- Same density bump in clouds2d for consistency.
- WEATHER_DENSITY bumped: sunny 0.20->0.55, cloudy 0.70->0.85,
night 0.45->0.65. Stormy stays at 1.0 (already maxed).
Even 'sunny' now has visible cloud structure, not just clear sky.
- clouds3d: add a second fBm layer at 4x frequency for fine detail,
blended at 18% into the base. Combined with the tighter smoothstep
(0.24 -> 0.18) the cloud silhouettes have more interesting edges
instead of soft blob shapes.
- Same density bump applied to clouds2d so swapping renderers
doesn't change the visual weather.
- config.renderer: clouds2d -> clouds3d (user request)
Three coordinated changes:
1. nightPaletteNew.cloud: void -> raised (slightly lighter than
sky) so clouds have contrast against the new-moon sky
2. nightPaletteFull.cloudShadow: panel -> void so cloud undersides
fade into the night sky, while the lit topsides (border) stand
out clearly
3. getNightColor() now keeps 'light' (moonlight) bright and only
partially darkens sky/bg. The previous version squashed
everything toward black, killing cloud structure.
Shader side:
- max(0.15, uDayProgress) keeps a baseline moonlight tint on the
lit side of clouds even when uDayProgress happens to be 0
- The final darken pass is now driven by nightFactor (sunAlt-based)
instead of the unreliable uDayProgress
The cloud horizon flickered when the camera was far from the
deck because the regular raymarch steps aligned with the cloud
boundary. Two cheap fixes:
- Per-pixel jitter (hash21 of gl_FragCoord + uTime) shifts each
ray's start by up to one stepSize; the brain averages the
random offsets into a smooth edge
- Wider smoothstep (0.18 -> 0.24) softens the binary cloud/no-cloud
boundary the jitter is now dithering across
- Cruise altitude 2.6 -> 2.0 (just above cloud ceiling y=1.5,
gives the 'just above the clouds' airliner feel)
- Expose __currentSunAlt (radians) from animate() so the
renderer can tell night from day without misreading
realDayProgress (which mixes pre-dawn + post-sunset hours)
- Replace (1 - uDayProgress) star gate by smoothstep over uSunAlt:
nightFactor = 1 when sun is well below horizon, 0 when above
- Widen sky band so stars are visible from the horizon upward
(cockpit-perspective frame is mostly below rd.y=0.3)
- Cloud ceiling lowered from y=1.8 to y=1.5 (thinner deck)
- Cruise raised from y=2.0 to y=2.6 (clear margin above clouds)
- Dive endpoint raised from y=0.9 to y=1.2 (skims top, never deep)
- Dive exponent 5 -> 8 (much rarer dives)
- Early-out and ceiling bounds updated to match new y=1.5
- Cruise altitude lowered to y=2.0 (just above cloud top at y=1.8)
- Look direction nearly level (rd.y ~ -0.05 at horizon line)
- Stars rendered as 3D hash-grid sphere, only above horizon and
only when uDayProgress < 1 (i.e. at night). Subtle sin twinkle
keeps them from looking like static dither.
Camera altitude is now driven by pow(sin,5) so the view stays at
y=2.6 most of the time and only briefly dips to y=0.9 to skim the
top of the cloud deck. Marching also skips the empty gap between
camera and cloud ceiling when looking down from above.
Reduce raymarch iterations from 28 to 18 and fBm octaves from
4 to 3 (with step size 0.55->0.85 to preserve cloud coverage).
Per-pixel cost drops by ~55% while visual density stays similar.
Raymarches a horizontal cloud layer (28 steps, 4-octave 3D fBm).
Camera path is sinusoidal in altitude so the view dips into the
cloud deck at intervals for a 'fly through the edges' feel.
Density threshold from weather: sunny -> sparse, stormy -> overcast.
Renderer is selected via CONFIG.renderer ('clouds2d' or 'clouds3d').
Richard Zink